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Io Volcano Observer
Io Volcano Observer (IVO) is a proposed robotic spacecraft that, if approved and launched, would orbit Jupiter and perform at least nine flybys of Jupiter's moon Io. IVO has been proposed to NASA by the University of Arizona and Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory as a Discovery-class mission in 2010 and 2015. IVO is also a contestant for the New Frontiers program.〔(Io Volcano Observer (IVO) ). (PDF), McEwen, University of Arizona. March 2008.〕 IVO was originally part of NASA's Discovery & Scout Mission Capability Expansion (DSMCE) concept-study program in 2009.
IVO is a low-cost, outer-planet mission that would explore Io's active volcanism and impact on the Jupiter system as a whole by measuring its global heat flow, its induced magnetic field, the temperature of its lava, and the composition of its atmosphere, volcanic plumes, and lavas.〔
==Mission profile==
IVO's launch would be with an Atlas V (401) rocket. Following launch, the spacecraft would perform an EGA trajectory, using a gravity assist at Earth to send the spacecraft on a trajectory toward Jupiter. Following a flyby of Io on its way in, the Io Volcano Observer would execute a Jupiter orbital insertion burn to go into an inclined orbit around Jupiter. Following an initial six-month orbit, IVO would encounter Io eight times during a 22-month primary mission. As IVO would have an inclined orbit (42°), during each of these encounters it would approach Io from over its south polar region, make its closest approach to Io near its equator between 200 and 500 kilometers, and leave Io over its north polar region.〔 To improve the detection of change, IVO would also encounter Io near the same point in its orbit, keeping similar lighting conditions over the course of the nominal mission. Following the primary mission, if the spacecraft and power source remain intact, an extended mission could be approved. This extended mission could include increasing the orbital period of IVO to one year to monitor Io for changes over a longer time span, and to possibly encounter one of Jupiter's outer irregular satellites. Such an extended mission could last up to eight years, with the potential for up to eight additional encounters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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